Informatics Publishing Limited

R. G. Somkuwar ¹, S. D. Ramteke ¹, J. Satisha ¹, Mahadev Bhange ¹, Prerna Itroutwar ¹

Affiliations
1 National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune - 412307, IN

Abstract

Effect of canopy manipulation during forward pruning on berry development and photosynthetic parameters was studied in Tas-A-Ganesh grape grafted onto Dogridge ischolar_mainstock. Canopy manipulation including shoot thinning, leaf removal, shoot thinning with leaf removal, and shoot pinching, was done after forward pruning. Significant differences were observed in yield and quality. Shoot thinning to about 40 shoots per vine, with removal of three basal leaves, resulted in significantly higher yield, followed by that in shoot thinning alone. Lowest yield was recorded in the Control. Leaf removal drastically reduced bunch development affecting berry weight, diameter and length compared to other treatments. Among different canopy manipulation treatments, higher average bunch weight was recorded in shoot thinning plus leaf removal, whereas, lowest bunch weight was recorded with leaf removal alone. At harvest, the amount of total soluble solids in berries was low in leaf removal at pre-bloom stage, but increased in the treatment of shoot thinning with leaf removal, at the same stage. Different canopy manipulation treatments had significant impact on photosynthesis and transpiration rates. Overall results indicated that canopy manipulation practices such as shoot thinning, to retain 40 shoots per vine with or without leaf removal, followed by pinching, can be recommended to grape growers.

Keywords

Grape, Canopy Managements Practices, Photosynthesis, Quality, Yield.

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R. G. Somkuwar ¹, J. Satisha ¹, S. D. Ramteke ¹

Affiliations
1 National Research Centre for Grapes, P.O. Box 03, Manjri Farm Post, Pune - 412 307, IN

Abstract

A field trial was conducted to determine the effect of cane thickness on berry quality and other biochemical parameters in 'Tas-A-Ganesh' grape at National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, during the year 2008- 2009. Average bunch weight increased with increase in cane diameter. Own-ischolar_mained vines of cane thickness <6mm sprouted earlier than thicker canes. TSS of berries decreased with increase in berry size. Berries on grafted vines recorded lower TSS than on own-ischolar_mained vines. Biochemical parameters such as content of reducing sugars, carbohydrat and phenols were higher in grafted vines of cane thickness >10mm. Results indicate that thicker canes either on their own ischolar_mains or on grafted vines are superior for yield and yield components, as also for physical properties of bunches and berries and total carbohydrate content of the canes.

Keywords

Tas-A-Ganesh, Sprouting, Cane Thickness, Bunch Weight, Total Soluble Solids, Reducing Sugars, Carbohydrates.

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J. Satisha ¹, G. S. Prakash ², R. M. Bhatt ³, P. Sampathkumar ²

Affiliations
1 National Research Centre for Grapes, P.B. # 3, Manjari Farm, Solapur Road Pune – 412 307, IN
2 Division of Fruit Crops, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore - 560 089, IN
3 Division of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore - 560 089, IN

Abstract

Four varieties of grape namely Flame Seedless, Thompson Seedless, Sharad Seedless and Tas-A-Ganesh were subjected to different levels of moisture stress to study their physiological response. Stress was imposed for 14 days by withholding irrigation. Observations on relative water content, leaf water potential, leaf osmotic potential and gas exchange parameters like photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and water use efficiency (WUE) were recorded. None of the varieties could survive for 14 days without irrigation (100% stress). Flame Seedless and Thompson Seedless at 50% moisture stress maintained higher turgidity as indicated by lesser reduction in relative water content and water potential attributed to better osmotic adjustment. Marginal reduction in photosynthesis and greater reduction in transpiration rate in the variety Flame Seedless may have resulted in higher WUE under moisture stress. Higher photosynthetic rate, lower transpiration rate, higher water relation parameters and high WUE in Flame Seedless under soil moisture stress indicated its better tolerance to drought.

Keywords

Grape Varieties, Soil Moisture Stress, Water Potential, Water Use Efficiency.

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J. Satisha ¹, G. S. Prakash ², G. S. R. Murti ³, K. K. Upreti ³

Affiliations
1 National Research Centre for Grapes, P.B. # 3, Manjari Farm, Solapur Road, Pune-412 307, IN
2 Division of Fruit Crops, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore-560 089, IN
3 Division of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore-560 089, IN

Abstract

Studies on ischolar_main and shoot morphology, endogenous hormones and water use efficiency in five grape ischolar_mainstocks namely Dogridge, 1613 C, Salt Creek, St. George and Vitis champinii clone (VC Clone) at three levels of moisture stress viz., no stress (100% irrigation), 50% stress (50% irrigation) and 100% stress (without irrigation) for 14 days revealed that Dogridge and Salt Creek ischolar_mainstocks maintained the highest ratios of ischolar_main to shoot length and ischolar_main to shoot dry weight as compared to other ischolar_mainstocks. Water use efficiency increased with increased soil moisture stress and was the highest in Dogridge and Salt Creek. The abscisic acid content in the leaves of Dogridge was maximum at 50% stress followed by that of Salt Creek. Similarly the cytokinin content (both t-ZR and DHZR) was minimum in Dogridge and Salt Creek at 50% stress while it was maximum in 1613 C and St.George. The ischolar_main to shoot length ratio was positively correlated with ABA content under moisture stress conditions. The higher levels of abscisic acid content in Dogridge and Salt Creek under soil moisture stress suggested their better drought tolerance capacity through a reduction of stomatal conductance and increased water use efficiency.

Keywords

ABA, Cytokinins, Grape Rootstocks, Root to Shoot Length Ratio, Root to Shoot Dry Weight Ratio, Water Use Efficiency.

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Y. Pushpavathi ¹, J. Satisha ¹, G. C. Satisha ¹, K. S. Shivashankara ¹, M. Lakshminarayana Reddy ², S. Sriram ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta, Bengaluru 560 089, IN
2 Dr Y.S.R. Horticultural University, Venkataramannagudem 534 101, IN

Abstract

Potassium is often considered as the quality element for crop production. Grapevine is one of the most potassium-friendly plants that has a better ability to utilize soil potassium. Grape berries are a strong sink for potassium, particularly during ripening. To ascertain the influence of the combined application of different sources and methods of potassium application on the quality of grape cv. Sharad Seedless, an experiment was conducted at Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru during two consecutive years, viz. 2016–17 and 2017–18 with three different sources of potassium fertilizers (SOP, KNO₃ and 19 : 19 : 19), and two methods of application (soil application and fertigation). Pooled analysis revealed that among the treatments, grapevines treated with sulphate of potash as 60% through fertigation and 40% through soil registered the highest total soluble solids (22.16° ºBrix), Brix : acid (36.38), total sugars (19.66%) and least titratable acidity (0.61%) in berries. With regards to biochemical constituents like total phenols, total flavonoids and anthocyanins, significantly highest value was observed in vines treated with 100% SOP through fertigation.

Keywords

Fertigation, Grape, Potassium, Source and Method, Soil Application.

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J. Satisha ¹, R. G. Somkuwar ²

Affiliations
1 Division of Fruit Crops, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru - 560 089, IN
2 ICAR - National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune - 412 307, IN

Abstract

Removing leaves from cluster zone is one of the management practices followed to improve fruit composition in temperate wine grape growing countries. However, knowledge on canopy management practices to improve fruit and juice composition for quality wine making is still lacking in semiarid tropical regions of India. Due to ample sunlight availability during fruit growth in semiarid tropics, it is unclear whether the leaves have to be removed from cluster zone. In case the leaves have to be removed, the direction from which it has to be done is also important. Hence, this study was conducted to see the effect of leaf removal from two sides of canopy on fruit composition in two wine grape varieties. In Cabernet Sauvignon vines leaf removal from both east and west side of the canopyimproved fruit quality in terms of reduced pH, potassium, malic acid and increased phenolics. Nevertheless, removing leaves from eastern side was found to be better than western side, because clusters are exposed toexcess sunlight. However, in Sauvignon Blanc, leaf removal from east side improved most of the desirable fruit composition parameters, while leaf removal from west side reduced the fruit quality in terms of sugars, acids, pH, total phenols etc.

Keywords

Cabernet Sauvignon, Sauvignon Blanc, Fruit Composition, Leaf Removal, Organic Acids, Phenolic Compounds.

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J. Satisha ¹, Linta Vincent ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Fruit Crops, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Benglauru 560 089, India., IN

Abstract

In papaya orchards raised through seedlings, large variation in sex forms is a major hindrance to its cultivation on a commercial scale. Similarly, in papaya breeding, if a desirable trait is to be fixed in future generations, it is essential to multiply the plants by asexual means for evaluation on a large scale as sexual propagation has several drawbacks. Limited studies have been conducted on vegetative propagation in papaya under the tropical climate of India. Hence, the present study was initiated to standardize vegetative propagation through grafting under separate experiments. A combination of growth hormones and different aged seedlings was used to induce lateral shoots on the mother plants to utilize them as scions for grafting. Spraying BA @ 100 ppm + GA3 @ 250 ppm on 5–6 month-old mother plants could produce more graftable size shoots. Among different methods, softwood wedge grafting recorded maximum success followed by cleft grafting. Field evaluation of grafted and seedling plants revealed that the former were dwarfs and sturdy, induced early flowering at a lower heights and came to harvest earlier than the seedlings. Though physical fruit parameters showed a significant difference between grafted and seedling plants, no difference was recorded for fruit quality parameters.

Keywords

Cytokinins, Grafting, Lateral Shoots, Papaya, Vegetative Propagation.

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